887 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
887 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
---
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paginate: true
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footer: oliverdavies.uk
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---
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<style>
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section {
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place-content: start;
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}
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h1, a {
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color: #24608a;
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}
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</style>
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<style scoped>
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section {
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place-content: center;
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}
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h1 {
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font-size: 2rem;
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}
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</style>
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# Nix for PHP Developers
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<br>
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<br>
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Oliver Davies (opdavies)
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https://www.oliverdavies.uk
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<!-- _paginate: false -->
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---
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<style scoped>
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section {
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place-content: center;
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}
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h1 {
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font-size: 2rem;
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}
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</style>
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# Nix for ~~PHP Developers~~ everyone
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<br>
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<br>
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Oliver Davies (opdavies)
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https://www.oliverdavies.uk
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<!--
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PHP examples, but apply to other languages.
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Replace PHP with your language of choice
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-->
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<!-- _paginate: false -->
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---
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# About Me
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- PHP since 2007
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- Drupal since 2008
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- Full-time Linux since ~2015
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- Nix/NixOS since 2022
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- Gave my first presentation at unified.diff in September 2012
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<!--
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PHP and Drupal Development. Linux-based infrastructure and systems administration. Automation.
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Vagrant, Puppet, Ansible.
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This is talk #107
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-->
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---
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<style scoped>
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section {
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background: #021330;
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}
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</style>
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<!--
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_footer: ''
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_paginate: false
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-->
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---
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<style scoped>
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section {
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place-content: center;
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}
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h1 {
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font-size: 2rem;
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text-align: center;
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}
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</style>
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# Who has PHP installed<br> on their computer?
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---
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<style scoped>
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section {
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place-content: center;
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}
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h1 {
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font-size: 2rem;
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text-align: center;
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}
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</style>
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# Who has multiple versions<br> of PHP installed?
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<!--
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Who has different projects that need different versions of PHP or needs to support multiple versions of PHP?
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-->
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---
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# Installing PHP
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- WAMP (Windows), MAMP (macOS), XAMPP
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- Homebrew (`brew install php`)
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- `apt`, `dnf`, `yum`, `pacman` `yay`
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- Laravel Herd/Sail
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- Symfony CLI?
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- Containers (Docker, Podman, LXC, etc)
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- Virtual machines (VMWare, Virtualbox, etc)
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<!--
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There are a lot of different ways to install PHP.
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Different package managers for different Linux distributions.
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Any other ways?
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-->
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---
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<style scoped>
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section {
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display: grid;
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place-content: center;
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}
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</style>
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---
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# What is Nix?
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- Package manager with more than **120,000** packages (`nixpkgs`)
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- Operating system with more than **20,000** packages (NixOS)
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- Tool for declaratively building software reproducibly
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- A functional domain-specific configuration language
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- Home Manager, `nix-darwin`, `devenv`
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- Started as a research project by Eelco Dolstra around 2003
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<!--
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Nix !== NixOS
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Similar to Homebrew, apt, etc.
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Similar to Ansible.
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Ecosystem of tools. Home Manager for user home configuration, nix-darwin for managing macOS.
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-->
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---
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# What is Nix?
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- Package manager
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- Build tool
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- Operating system
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- Language
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---
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<!--
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_footer: ''
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_paginate: false
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-->
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<!--
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Can select from a stable release or unstable.
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Unstable is more recently updated.
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Two major releases a year in May and November (e.g. 24.11, 25.05).
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-->
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---
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<!--
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_footer: ''
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_paginate: false
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-->
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---
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<!--
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_footer: ''
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_paginate: false
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-->
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---
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<!--
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Number of total packages vs fresh packages.
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-->
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<!--
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_footer: ''
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_paginate: false
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-->
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---
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# Installing Nix
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https://nixos.org/download
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```sh
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$ sh <(curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -L https://nixos.org/nix/install) \
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--daemon
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```
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Different instructions for Linux, macOS and Windows (WSL2).
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Different instructions for NixOS.
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```sh
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$ nix --version
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nix (Nix) 2.28.4
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```
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---
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```
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This installation tool will set up your computer with the Nix package
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manager. This will happen in a few stages:
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1. Make sure your computer doesn't already have Nix. If it does, I
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will show you instructions on how to clean up your old install.
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2. Show you what I am going to install and where. Then I will ask
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if you are ready to continue.
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3. Create the system users (uids [30001..30032]) and groups (gid 30000)
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that the Nix daemon uses to run builds. To create system users
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in a different range, exit and run this tool again with
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NIX_FIRST_BUILD_UID set.
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4. Perform the basic installation of the Nix files daemon.
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5. Configure your shell to import special Nix Profile files, so you
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can use Nix.
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6. Start the Nix daemon.
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```
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---
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# Installing PHP with Ubuntu
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```shell
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$ apt update -y
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$ apt-get install php
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$ which php
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/usr/bin/php
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$ php -v
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PHP 8.3.6
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```
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<!--
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One version of PHP installed globally.
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-->
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---
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# Running PHP with Nix
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```shell
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$ nix run nixpkgs#php -- -v
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PHP 8.4.11
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```
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```shell
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$ nix shell nixpkgs#php
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$ which php
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/nix/store/s4kv9bzqawhqcyjg9xm2hji3jap6d6kd-php-with-extensions-8.4.11/bin/php
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$ php -v
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PHP 8.4.11
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```
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<!--
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Install vs run.
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Applications are placed in the Nix store and added to $PATH.
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Arbitrary commands and ephemeral shells.
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-->
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---
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# Running PHP with Nix
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```
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$ nix run nixpkgs#php83 -- -v
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PHP 8.3.25
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```
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<br>
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```
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$ nix run nixpkgs#php82 -- -v
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PHP 8.2.29
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```
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---
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# Using a `shell.nix` file
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```nix
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{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:
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pkgs.mkShell {
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packages = with pkgs; [
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php
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phpPackages.composer
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phpactor
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];
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}
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```
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```shell
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$ nix-shell shell.nix
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[nix-shell:~/my-project]$ composer -V
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Composer version 2.8.5 2025-01-21 15:23:40
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```
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---
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# Using a `flake.nix` file
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```nix
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{
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inputs.nixpkgs.url = "github:nixos/nixpkgs/nixos-unstable";
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outputs = inputs:
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let
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system = "x86_64-linux";
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pkgs = import inputs.nixpkgs { inherit system; };
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in {
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devShells.${system}.default = (import ./shell.nix {
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inherit pkgs;
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});
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};
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}
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```
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<!--
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Can import shell.nix.
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-->
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---
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# Using a `flake.nix` file
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```nix
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{
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inputs.nixpkgs.url = "github:nixos/nixpkgs/nixos-unstable";
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outputs = inputs:
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let
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system = "x86_64-linux";
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pkgs = import inputs.nixpkgs { inherit system; };
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in {
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devShells.${system}.default = pkgs.mkShell {
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packages = with pkgs; [
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php
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phpPackages.composer
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phpactor
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];
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};
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};
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}
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```
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<!--
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Packages can be inlined.
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-->
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---
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# Structure of a Flake-based project
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```shell
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.
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├── composer.json
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├── composer.lock
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├── flake.lock
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├── flake.nix
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├── output_dev
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├── source
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└── vendor
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```
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<br>
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As well as **flake.nix**, we also get **flake.lock**.
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---
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# Pinning packages
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```nix
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# flake.nix
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inputs = {
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nixpkgs.url = "github:nixos/nixpkgs/nixos-unstable";
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nixpkgs-stable.url = "github:nixos/nixpkgs/nixos-24.11";
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nixpkgs-pinned.url = "github:nixos/nixpkgs/45570c299dc2";
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}
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```
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```nix
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{
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let
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pkgs-stable = import inputs.nixpkgs-stable { inherit system; };
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in {
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packages = [ pkgs-stable.php ];
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};
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}
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```
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<!--
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You can have multiple versions of Nix and applications installed at once.
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Pin to a stable version of nixpkgs or a specific commit.
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Could even use "master", which is newer than "unstable".
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-->
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---
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# Managing services
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With NixOS:
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```nix
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services.mysql.enable = true;
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services.mysql.initialDatabases = [
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{ name = "my_project"; }
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{ name = "another_project"; }
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];
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```
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<br>
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Without NixOS:
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<https://github.com/juspay/services-flake>
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---
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# Managing services
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```nix
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{
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inputs = {
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flake-parts.url = "github:hercules-ci/flake-parts";
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nixpkgs.url = "github:nixos/nixpkgs/nixpkgs-unstable";
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process-compose.url = "github:Platonic-Systems/process-compose-flake";
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services.url = "github:juspay/services-flake";
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};
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# ...
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```
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---
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# Managing services
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```nix
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imports = [
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inputs.process-compose.flakeModule
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];
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perSystem = { config, lib, pkgs, ... }: {
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process-compose."default" = {
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imports = [
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inputs.services.processComposeModules.default
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];
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services = { # ... };
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settings.processes = { # ... };
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}
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```
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---
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# Managing services
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```nix
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services = {
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mysql."mysql1" = {
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enable = true;
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initialDatabases = [
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{ name = "drupal_nix_flake_example"; }
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];
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};
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};
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```
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---
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# Managing services
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```nix
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settings.processes = {
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php = {
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command = pkgs.writeShellApplication {
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name = "php-local-server";
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text = "${getExe php} -S 127.0.0.1:${toString webPort} -t web";
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};
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depends_on."mysql1".condition = "process_healthy";
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};
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};
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```
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---
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# Managing services
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```nix
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devShells.default = pkgs.mkShell {
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inputsFrom = [
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config.process-compose."default".services.outputs.devShell
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];
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nativeBuildInputs = with pkgs; [
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php
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phpPackages.composer
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];
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};
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};
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```
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<br>
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Run `nix run .` and go to http://localhost:8000.
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---
|
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<!--
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_footer: ''
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_paginate: false
|
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-->
|
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|
|
---
|
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|
|
|
|
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|
<!--
|
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_footer: ''
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_paginate: false
|
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-->
|
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|
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---
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# Multiple PHPs
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|
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- Laravel Herd/Sail
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- Containers
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- `phpenv`, `brew-php-switcher`, `phpbrew`
|
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- Vagrant
|
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- VMWare, VirtualBox
|
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- Different physical machines?
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|
|
<!--
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Software that allows you to have multiple versions of PHP installed and the ability to switch between them.
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|
|
Any other ways?
|
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-->
|
|
|
|
---
|
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|
|
<style scoped>
|
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section {
|
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display: grid;
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place-content: center;
|
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}
|
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|
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h1 {
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font-size: 3rem;
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}
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</style>
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# Nix is like `nvm`<br> for everything
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|
|
<!--
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If there are multiple versions in nixpkgs, like PHP, you can pick the version you need.
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If needed you can pin nixpkgs to a specific version for that project.
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-->
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---
|
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# My ideal environment
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|
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```shell
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$ php -v
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The program 'php' is currently not installed.
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|
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$ cd ~/my-project
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|
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$ php -v
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PHP 8.4.10
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|
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$ cd ~/another-project
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$ php -v
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PHP 8.3.24
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```
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---
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# Using direnv
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|
|
https://direnv.net
|
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|
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> It augments existing shells with a new feature that can load and unload environment variables depending on the current directory.
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|
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<br>
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|
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In NixOS:
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|
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```nix
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{
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programs.direnv.enable = true;
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programs.direnv.nix-direnv.enable = true;
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}
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```
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|
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---
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|
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# The .envrc file
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|
|
If you have a `flake.nix`:
|
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|
|
```bash
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use flake
|
|
```
|
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|
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Using a remote Flake:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
use flake "git+https://code.oliverdavies.uk/opdavies/dev-shells#php84"
|
|
```
|
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|
|
```bash
|
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use flake "github:opdavies/dev-shells#php84"
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
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# Packaging for Nix
|
|
|
|
```nix
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stdenv.mkDerivation (finalAttrs: {
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pname = "hello";
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version = "2.12.2";
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|
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src = fetchurl {
|
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url = "mirror://gnu/hello/hello-${finalAttrs.version}.tar.gz";
|
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hash = "sha256-WpqZbcKSzCTc9BHO6H6S9qrluNE72caBm0x6nc4IGKs=";
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
env = lib.optionalAttrs stdenv.hostPlatform.isDarwin {
|
|
NIX_LDFLAGS = "-liconv";
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
doCheck = true;
|
|
doInstallCheck = true;
|
|
|
|
# ...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
# Packaging for Nix
|
|
|
|
```nix
|
|
pkgs.writeShellApplication {
|
|
name = "preview";
|
|
|
|
runtimeInputs = with pkgs.nodePackages; [
|
|
browser-sync
|
|
];
|
|
|
|
text = ''
|
|
browser-sync start
|
|
--ignore '**/.*' \
|
|
--no-notify \
|
|
--no-ui \
|
|
-sw
|
|
'';
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
Explicit dependencies. More shareable and no need to remember what's installed elsewhere.
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
# Packaging PHP for Nix
|
|
|
|
```nix
|
|
php.buildComposerProject2 (finalAttrs: {
|
|
pname = "phpactor";
|
|
version = "2025.07.25.0";
|
|
|
|
src = fetchFromGitHub {
|
|
owner = "phpactor";
|
|
repo = "phpactor";
|
|
tag = finalAttrs.version;
|
|
hash = "sha256-9XWlWwq+xvqPgKIc7IGoMVTxajjYsrPo/ra/0JIE168=";
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
vendorHash = "sha256-3xkt0QjytW4BOCgZdevat7zkSuZTPPvwz3yptiq5zoo=";
|
|
|
|
# ...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
Existing builders for PHP, node, Go, etc, and functions to download source code from GitHub, GitLab or any remote URL.
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
# Packaging PHP for Nix
|
|
|
|
```nix
|
|
php.buildComposerProject2 (finalAttrs: {
|
|
pname = "pest";
|
|
version = "3.7.4";
|
|
|
|
src = fetchFromGitHub {
|
|
owner = "pestphp";
|
|
repo = "pest";
|
|
tag = "v${finalAttrs.version}";
|
|
hash = "sha256-ddsdVx/Vsg7GG11fGASouBU3HAJLSjs1AQGHx52TWzA=";
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
composerLock = ./composer.lock;
|
|
vendorHash = "sha256-rOJ6PFp4Xfe89usoH455EAT30d2Tu3zd3+C/6K/kGBw=";
|
|
|
|
# ...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
# Packaging Sculpin
|
|
|
|
Packaging Sculpin was essentially the same:
|
|
|
|
https://code.oliverdavies.uk/opdavies/lab/src/branch/main/nix/sculpin
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
nix build
|
|
|
|
./result/bin/sculpin generate
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
.
|
|
├── flake.lock
|
|
├── flake.nix
|
|
├── output_dev
|
|
│ └── index.html
|
|
└── source
|
|
└── index.md
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
# Building Nix packages
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
$ nix repl
|
|
Nix 2.28.4
|
|
Type :? for help.
|
|
|
|
nix-repl> :l .
|
|
Added 24244 variables.
|
|
|
|
nix-repl> :b phpactor
|
|
|
|
This derivation produced the following outputs:
|
|
out -> /nix/store/nhq4js2lsj8lb1cz6dj4vrf6xb2r2zbd-phpactor-2025.03.28.0
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
/nix/store/nhq4js2lsj8lb1cz6dj4vrf6xb2r2zbd-phpactor-2025.03.28.0/bin/phpactor
|
|
|
|
Phpactor 2025.03.28.0
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
# Not sure?
|
|
|
|
Want to try it, but you're not sure?
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
$ docker run --rm -it nixos/nix
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
$ podman run --rm -it nixos/nix
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
# Thanks!
|
|
|
|
- https://nixos.org
|
|
- https://github.com/nixos/nixpkgs
|
|
- https://wiki.nixos.org/wiki/PHP
|
|
- https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/stable/#ssec-building-php-projects
|
|
- https://code.oliverdavies.uk/opdavies/lab
|
|
- https://code.oliverdavies.uk/opdavies/nix-config (laptop and home server)
|
|
- https://books.oliverdavies.uk/nix-for-php-developers (book, in progress)
|