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Things to know about PHP
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Oliver Davies (@opdavies)

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https://oliverdavies.uk/things-about-php

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   TextAnnotation "Contains some code but isn't a walkthrough of the PHP manual."
   TextAnnotation ""
   TextAnnotation "For new PHPers this should give you an introduction to PHP and its tooling and community."

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   TextAnnotation "Working with PHP and Drupal since 2007 as a hobbyist and Freelancer, full-time since 2010."
   TextAnnotation ""
   TextAnnotation "Currently working as a Lead Developer at Transport for Wales."

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elePHPants!
===========

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What is PHP?
============

PHP is a popular general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to web development.

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Fast, flexible and pragmatic, PHP powers everything from your blog to the most popular websites in the world.

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http://php.net

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    TextAnnotation "First released in 2005, most recent release (8.1.3) on 17th February 2022."

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Personal Home Page

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PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor

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(recursive acronym)

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   TextAnnotation "These are the currently supported PHP versions."

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   TextAnnotation "A lot of projects use PHP!"

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How do I get started?

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``php -v``

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   TextAnnotation "How do I know if I have PHP installed and what version?"

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``PHP 8.1.12 (cli) (built: Oct 25 2022 17:30:00) (ZTS)
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.1.12, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies``

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``vim index.php``

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   TextAnnotation "Create a new file called 'index.php' in the text editor of your choice."

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Your first PHP file
===================

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   :linenos:

   <?php

   // index.php

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   TextAnnotation "Add an opening tag (closing tag is optional, and in some cases should not be used)."
   
Your first PHP file
===================

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   :linenos:

   <?php

   // index.php

   echo 'Hello PHP Stoke';

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``php index.php``

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   TextAnnotation "Run a CLI script."

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``php -S localhost:8000``

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``/app # php -S localhost:8000``

``[Thu Jan 12 15:39:41 2023] PHP 8.1.12 Development Server
http://localhost:8000) started``

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   TextAnnotation "PHP's local development web server. Fine for simple scripts or apps."

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   :width: 22cm

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``docker run --rm
-v $PWD:/app
-w /app
php:8.1-cli-alpine
php index.php``

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   TextAnnotation "If you don't like installing things locally, you can use the official Docker images."
   TextAnnotation ""
   TextAnnotation "Not a Docker talk..."

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``docker run --rm
-v $PWD:/app
-w /app
php:7.4-cli-alpine
php index.php``

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    TextAnnotation "7.4 instead of 8.1"

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``docker run --rm
-v $PWD:/var/www/html
-p 80:80
php:8.1-apache``

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    TextAnnotation "Apache rather than CLI"

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.. code-block:: php
   :linenos:

   <?php

    // index.php

    function say()
    {
        echo 'Hello!';
    }

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   TextAnnotation "Global function."
   TextAnnotation ""
   TextAnnotation "Simplest possible PHP script."

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   :linenos:

   <?php

    // index.php

    function say($value)
    {
        echo $value;
    }


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   TextAnnotation "Variable interpolation."
   TextAnnotation ""
   TextAnnotation "Variable could be any number of things."

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   :linenos:

   <?php

    // index.php

    function say(string $value): void
    {
        echo $value;
    }

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   TextAnnotation "In PHP 7, we can declare type hints on scalar values (e.g. string). Arrays and classes were possible in previous versions."
   TextAnnotation ""
   TextAnnotation "We can also declare a return type. In this case, there is nothing returned, so the return type is `void`."
   TextAnnotation ""
   TextAnnotation "Some Developers and teams prefer the minimal approach, some prefer the stricter approach."

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   :linenos:

   <?php

    // index.php

    function say(string $value): string
    {
        return $value;
    }

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   TextAnnotation "Return a string rather than echoing a string."

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``declare(strict_types=1);``

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   TextAnnotation "Enables strict typing."
   TextAnnotation ""
   TextAnnotation "If you like types..."
   TextAnnotation ""
   TextAnnotation "Depends on your preference."

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.. code-block:: php
    :linenos:

    <?php

    // src/Person.php

    class Person
    {
        public function say(string $value): void
        {
            echo $value;
        }
    }

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   TextAnnotation "Object orientated code."
   TextAnnotation ""
   TextAnnotation "Move it into a class called `Person`. Function now becomes a method, though behaves in exactly the same way."

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.. code-block:: php
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   <?php

   // Version 1.
   say();

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   TextAnnotation "This is how to call a global function."

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   <?php

   // Version 1.
   say();

   // Version 2.
   say('something');

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   TextAnnotation "Still calling a global function with and without arguments."
   TextAnnotation ""
   TextAnnotation "First version with no arguments."
   TextAnnotation ""
   TextAnnotation "Second version providing the text as an argument."
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   :linenos:

   <?php

   // Version 1.
   say();

   // Version 2.
   say('something');

   // Version 3.
   $person = new Person();
   $person->say('something');

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   TextAnnotation "Third version using the Person class."
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Levelling Up
============

Content Management Systems

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   TextAnnotation "Move from simple pages or CLI apps, need to level up"

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These lists are not exhaustive

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   TextAnnotation "Other CMSes, frameworks and tools are available. These are the ones that came to mind for me."

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   TextAnnotation "The big three PHP frameworks."

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Levelling Up
============

Frameworks

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But I only need a static site
=============================

Static site generators

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   TextAnnotation "My personal website falls into this category."
   TextAnnotation ""
   TextAnnotation "Write HTML or markdown."
   TextAnnotation ""
   TextAnnotation "Use a familiar templating engine like Twig or Laravel's Blade."

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Code reuse and collaboration

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``composer require
symfony/console``

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.. code-block:: json

   {
       "require": {
            "symfony/console": "^4.2"
       }
   }

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.. code-block:: php
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   <?php

   require 'vendor/autoload.php';

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   <?php

   require 'vendor/autoload.php';

   $app = new \Symfony\Component\Console\Application();
   $app->run();

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.. code-block:: php
   :linenos:

   <?php

   require 'vendor/autoload.php';

   use Symfony\Component\Console\Application;

   $app = new Application();
   $app->run();

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   TextAnnotation " The PHP Foundation is a collective established with the non-profit mission to support, advance, and develop the PHP language. We are a community of PHP veterans, community leaders, and technology companies that rely on PHP as a critical digital infrastructure. We collaborate to ensure PHP language long-term success and maintenance."

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Tools

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    TextAnnotation "Xdebug is a PHP extension that provides debugging and profiling capabilities."

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   TextAnnotation "Add a breakpoint, halts execution"
   TextAnnotation ""
   TextAnnotation "Shows a stack trace and variables within scope"

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.. code-block:: php
   :linenos:

    <?php

    // PHPUnit.

    use App\Email;

    final class EmailTest extends TestCase
    {
        public function testCanBeCreatedFromValidEmailAddress(): void
        {
            $this->assertInstanceOf(
                Email::class,
                Email::fromString('user@example.com')
            );
        }
    }

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   :linenos:

    <?php

    // Pest.

    use App\Email;

    it('can be created from a valid email address', function () {
        expect(Email::fromString('user@example.com'))
            ->toBeInstanceOf(Email::class);
    });

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   TextAnnotation "Behavior Driven Development (BDD), business-focussed, user story style"

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.. code-block:: gherkin

     Feature: ls
      In order to see the directory structure
      As a UNIX user
      I need to be able to list the current directory's contents

      Scenario: List 2 files in a directory
        Given I am in a directory "test"
        And I have a file named "foo"
        And I have a file named "bar"
        When I run "ls"
        Then I should get:
          """
          bar
          foo
          """

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Learning

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   :width: 22cm

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   TextAnnotation "This leads to achieving certifications which help with personal development and career progression."
   TextAnnotation ""
   TextAnnotation "Zend offer certification on the PHP language and formerly on Zend framework (now Laminas)."

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   :width: 22cm

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   TextAnnotation "Symfony and Twig"

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The Community

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   TextAnnotation "These events are happening all over the world, for PHP and for it's sub-communities."
   TextAnnotation ""
   TextAnnotation "PHP World, php[tek] (organised by PHP Architect), DrupalCon, SymfonyCon, Laracon, PHP UK, PHP Benelux, Sunshine PHP"

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Things you should know about PHP
================================

* Very easy to get started
* A large choice of tools and frameworks
* A great worldwide community
* Great learning resources
* Gain experience by contributing to open source projects

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   TextAnnotation "CMSes, frameworks, eCommerce, APIs, static sites"
   TextAnnotation ""
   TextAnnotation "Gain experience and kudos by contributing to open source projects."
   TextAnnotation ""
   TextAnnotation "Most of these have their source code posted online with an appropriate license, hosted on GitHub or elsewhere. If you find a bug or want a feature added, you have the ability to create or fix it yourself and contribute it back to the project."

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Thanks!
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References:

* https://www.oliverdavies.uk/things-about-php

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Me:

* https://www.oliverdavies.uk
* https://www.oliverdavies.uk/links
* https://www.oliverdavies.uk/daily