.. footer:: @opdavies

Taking Flight with Tailwind CSS 
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Oliver Davies (@opdavies)

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https://opdavi.es/dcg

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    TextAnnotation "I'll be talking about utility class styling and Tailwind CSS, which is a CSS framework that I've been using and I was an early adopter of."
    TextAnnotation "Something I've used in Drupal, Symfony, Sculpin, Vue.js, Astro, and others."
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What is utility-first CSS?
==========================

* A different way to write CSS.
* Instead of writing CSS in separate files, you work primarily in HTML.
* Small CSS classes with a single responsibility.
* Classes are named by what they do, not where they are used.

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   TextAnnotation "The opposite way to how you're taught to write CSS."

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The traditional CSS approach

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The utility-first CSS approach

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What problems does this solve?
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- You don't waste time and energy inventing class names.
- No switching between CSS and HTML files.
- Your CSS stops growing.
- Reusability.
- Making changes feels (and is) safer.

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   TextAnnotation "No more adding silly class names like sidebar-inner-wrapper just to be able to style something, and no more agonizing over the perfect abstract name for something that's really just a flex container."
   TextAnnotation "Using a traditional approach, your CSS files get bigger every time you add a new feature. With utilities, everything is reusable so you rarely need to write new CSS."
   TextAnnotation ""
   TextAnnotation "You can re-use components like a news card on events page as the classes aren't coupled to a specific component."
   TextAnnotation ""
   TextAnnotation "CSS is global and you never know what you're breaking when you make a change."
   TextAnnotation "Classes in your HTML are local, so you can change them without worrying about something else breaking."

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Examples

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What is Tailwind CSS?

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Tailwind CSS is a highly customisable, low-level CSS framework

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    TextAnnotation "No components like Bootstrap or Bulma."
    TextAnnotation "Configure it per project."
    TextAnnotation "Extendable if needed via additional plugins."
    TextAnnotation "Avoids the need to name things prematurely."
    TextAnnotation "Can extract components if needed (reusability)."

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CSS utility class generator

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    TextAnnotation "Good default values provided - colours, fonts, padding, widths"
    TextAnnotation "Designing with constraints."
    TextAnnotation "Using inline styles, every value is a magic number."
    TextAnnotation "With utilities, you're choosing styles from a predefined design system, which makes it much easier to build visually consistent UIs."
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- Text/border/background colours
- Font size/family/weight
- Alignment
- Padding/margin/negative margin
- Flexbox
- Positioning
- Lists
- z-index
- Opacity

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    TextAnnotation "Some of the 'original' things that Tailwind would generate classes for."
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- Screenreader visibility
- Placeholder colour
- first-child, last-child, nth-child
- CSS Grid
- Transition
- Transform
- Spacing / Divide
- Focus ring
- Text clamping

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    TextAnnotation "All generated from a single, customisable configuration file."
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``block
inline
flex
grid``

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   TextAnnotation "Instead of component-level classes like 'navbar' and 'card', we have classes like 'block', 'inline', 'flex' and 'grid' that describe what an element looks like and not what it is."
   TextAnnotation ""
   TextAnnotation "A class that toggles a single CSS property."


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``text-sm
text-base
text-lg
text-xl
text-2xl``

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    TextAnnotation "T-shirt size arguments."

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``text-blue-50
text-blue-100
text-blue-200
text-blue-300
text-blue-400
text-blue-500``

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    TextAnnotation "Arguments for text colour and shade."

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Installation and Usage

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``npm install --save-dev
tailwindcss``

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    TextAnnotation "There is a CDN version available that provides everything but you can't customise it."
    TextAnnotation "There's also the play.tailwindcss.com website that you can use."
    TextAnnotation "Adds it as a dependency to your package.json file"

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``npx tailwind
--content index.html
--output build/tailwind.css``

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   TextAnnotation "tailwind.config.js is optional, and an input file is optional."

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Interaction states

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``hover, focus, active, disabled, visited,
focus-within,
first-child, last-child``

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``[state][separator][class]``

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    TextAnnotation "State = hover, focus, group focus, focus within."
    TextAnnotation "Separator = configurable"
    TextAnnotation "Colon by default"
    TextAnnotation "Class = the same utility class that you would have used normally"

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``hover:text-red-500``

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``focus:text-red-500``

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Interaction states in CSS
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Interaction states in CSS
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Interaction states in CSS
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Interaction states in CSS
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Interaction states in HTML
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Interaction states in HTML
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Responsive

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    TextAnnotation "Mobile first by default"

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``[screen][separator][class]``

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Screens (aka breakpoints)
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``md:flex``

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``md:hover:bg-red-500``

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Responsive classes in CSS
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Responsive classes in CSS
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Responsive classes in CSS
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Responsive classes in HTML
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Responsive classes in HTML
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Responsive classes in HTML
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Arbitrary values

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``w-[23px] md:w-[250px]``
``text-[#abc123]``

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``grid-cols-[fit-content(theme(spacing.32))]``

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``lg:[&:nth-child(3)]:hover
:underline``

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How I deal with repetition?

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Avoid repetition by extracting components

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Loops
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Loops
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Loops
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Loops
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Loops
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Loops
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Includes
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    TextAnnotation "Move the duplicate markup into a partial, so there's only one version. Pass data in."

Includes
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    <h2>Adults</h2>

    <ClassList classes={classes} type="kids" />

    <h2>Kids</h2>

    <ClassList classes={classes} type="adults" />

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Keeping Things Small: Controlling the file size

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Just in Time (JIT mode)

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   TextAnnotation "Since the JIT mode was added and changed to be the default option, Tailwind only generates the classes that it needs to - i.e. only the classes in your HTML."

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Content
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Tell Tailwind where it should look for utility classes.

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   TextAnnotation "Tailwind will scan the files within the content array and "

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Customising Tailwind

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``npx tailwind init``

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tailwind.config.js
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Overriding configuration
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    TextAnnotation "Overrides all colours. Great for when you've been given a colour pallete for a project from a Designer."

Extending configuration
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    TextAnnotation "Extends Tailwind's default colours."

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``npx tailwind init --full``

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Adding Tailwind to your CSS

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Including Tailwind
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Adding your own classes
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Adding your own classes
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Adding your own classes
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Adding your own classes
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Adding your own classes (with layers)
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Adding your own classes (with layers)
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Adding your own classes (with layers)
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``npx tailwind
--input src/css/tailwind.pcss
--output dist/tailwind.css``

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Extending Tailwind CSS with Plugins

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``npm install --save-dev
tailwindcss-list-reset``

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Adding a plugin
===============

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Adding a plugin
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Generated CSS
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Writing plugins
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   :include: code/writing-plugin-1.js
   :start-after: // Start require plugin
   :end-before: // End require plugin

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   TextAnnotation "In a separate file or the plugins section of tailwind.config.js."

Writing plugins
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   :start-after: // Start add function
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Writing plugins
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   :include: code/writing-plugin-1.js
   :start-after: // Start function contents
   :end-before: // End function contents

Writing plugins
===============

Adding `child` and `child-hover` variants:

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   const plugin = require('tailwindcss/plugin');

   module.exports = plugin(({ addVariant }) => {
     addVariant('child', '& > *');
     addVariant('child-hover', '& > *:hover');
   });

Writing plugins
===============

Adding a `hocus` variant:

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   const plugin = require('tailwindcss/plugin');

   module.exports = plugin(({ addVariant }) => {
     addVariant('hocus', ['&:hover', '&:focus']);
   });

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Adding Tailwind CSS to an existing project

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Disabling the reset styles
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    /** @type {import('tailwindcss').Config} */
    module.exports = {
      content: [],
      theme: {
        extend: {},
      },
      corePlugins: {
        preflight: false,
      },
      plugins: [],
    }

Prefixing class names
=====================

Turn classes like ``flex`` into ``tw-flex``.

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    /** @type {import('tailwindcss').Config} */
    module.exports = {
      prefix: "tw-",
      content: [],
      theme: {
        extend: {},
      },
      plugins: [],
    }

!important
==========

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    /** @type {import('tailwindcss').Config} */
    module.exports = {
      important: true,
      content: [],
      theme: {
        extend: {},
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      plugins: [],
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!important
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    /** @type {import('tailwindcss').Config} */
    module.exports = {
      important: "#app",
      content: [],
      theme: {
        extend: {},
      },
      plugins: [],
    }

!important
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``!flex``

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Tailwind CSS in Drupal

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``composer require
drupal/tailwindcss:^5``

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``php web/core/scripts/drupal
generate-theme my_theme
--starterkit tailwindcss``

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.. image:: images/drupal-theme.png
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Thanks!
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References:

* https://tailwindcss.com
* https://tailwindui.com
* https://www.youtube.com/c/TailwindLabs
* https://www.protailwind.com
* https://drupal.org/project/tailwindcss

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Me:

* https://www.oliverdavies.uk