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Signed-off-by: Oliver Davies <oliver@oliverdavies.uk>

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nix-for-php-developers/slides.md

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+---
+paginate: true
+footer: oliverdavies.uk
+---
+
+<style>
+section { 
+  place-content: start;
+}
+
+h1, a {
+  color: #24608a;
+}
+</style>
+
+<style scoped>
+section {
+  place-content: center;
+}
+
+h1 {
+  ont-size: 2rem;
+}
+</style>
+
+# Nix for PHP Developers
+
+<br>
+<br>
+
+Oliver Davies (opdavies)
+
+https://www.oliverdavies.uk
+
+<!-- _paginate: false -->
+
+---
+
+# About Me
+
+- PHP since 2007.
+- Drupal since 2008.
+- Full-time Linux since ~2015.
+- Nix/NixOS since 2022.
+
+<!--
+PHP and Drupal Development. Linux-based infrastructure and systems administration. Automation.
+
+Vagrant, Puppet, Ansible.
+-->
+
+---
+
+<style scoped>
+section {
+  background: #021330;
+}
+</style>
+
+![bg fit](./book.png)
+
+<!--
+_footer: ''
+_paginate: false
+-->
+
+---
+
+<style scoped>
+section {
+  place-content: center;
+}
+
+h1 {
+  font-size: 2rem;
+  text-align: center;
+}
+</style>
+
+# Who has PHP installed<br> on their computer?
+
+---
+
+<style scoped>
+section {
+  place-content: center;
+}
+
+h1 {
+  font-size: 2rem;
+  text-align: center;
+}
+</style>
+
+# Who has multiple versions<br> of PHP installed?
+
+<!--
+Who has different projects that need different versions of PHP or needs to support multiple versions of PHP?
+-->
+
+---
+
+# Installing PHP
+
+- WAMP (Windows), MAMP (macOS), XAMPP
+- Homebrew (`brew install php`)
+- `apt`, `dnf`, `yum`, `pacman` `yay`
+- Laravel Herd/Sail
+- Symfony CLI?
+- Containers (Docker, Podman, LXC, etc)
+- Virtual machines (VMWare, Virtualbox, etc)
+
+<!--
+There are a lot of different ways to install PHP.
+
+Different package managers for different Linux distributions.
+
+Any other ways?
+-->
+
+---
+
+<style scoped>
+section {
+  display: grid;
+  place-content: center;
+}
+</style>
+
+![](./NixOS.png)
+
+
+---
+
+# What is Nix?
+
+- Package manager with more than **120,000** packages (`nixpkgs`)
+- Operating system with more than **20,000** packages (NixOS)
+- Tool for declaratively building software reproducibly
+- A functional domain-specific configuration language
+- Home Manager, `nix-darwin`, `devenv`
+- Started as a research project by Eelco Dolstra around 2003
+
+<!--
+Nix !== NixOS
+
+Similar to Homebrew, apt, etc.
+
+Similar to Ansible.
+
+Ecosystem of tools. Home Manager for user home configuration, nix-darwin for managing macOS.
+-->
+
+---
+
+![](./nix-search.png)
+
+<!--
+_footer: ''
+_paginate: false
+-->
+
+<!--
+Can select from a stable release or unstable.
+Unstable is more recently updated.
+Two major releases a year in May and November (e.g. 24.11, 25.05).
+-->
+
+---
+
+![](./nix-search-php.png)
+
+<!--
+_footer: ''
+_paginate: false
+-->
+
+---
+
+![](./nix-search-php2.png)
+
+<!--
+_footer: ''
+_paginate: false
+-->
+
+---
+
+![bg fit](./repology.png)
+
+<!--
+Number of total packages vs fresh packages.
+-->
+
+<!--
+_footer: ''
+_paginate: false
+-->
+
+---
+
+# Installing Nix
+
+https://nixos.org/download
+
+```sh
+$ sh <(curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -L https://nixos.org/nix/install) \
+  --daemon
+```
+
+Different instructions for Linux, macOS and Windows (WSL2).
+
+Different instructions for NixOS.
+
+```sh
+$ nix --version
+
+nix (Nix) 2.28.4
+```
+---
+
+```
+This installation tool will set up your computer with the Nix package
+manager. This will happen in a few stages:
+
+1. Make sure your computer doesn't already have Nix. If it does, I
+   will show you instructions on how to clean up your old install.
+
+2. Show you what I am going to install and where. Then I will ask
+   if you are ready to continue.
+
+3. Create the system users (uids [30001..30032]) and groups (gid 30000)
+   that the Nix daemon uses to run builds. To create system users
+   in a different range, exit and run this tool again with
+   NIX_FIRST_BUILD_UID set.
+
+4. Perform the basic installation of the Nix files daemon.
+
+5. Configure your shell to import special Nix Profile files, so you
+   can use Nix.
+
+6. Start the Nix daemon.
+```
+
+---
+
+# Installing PHP with Ubuntu
+
+```shell
+$ apt update -y
+
+$ apt-get install php
+
+$ which php
+
+/usr/bin/php
+
+$ php -v
+
+PHP 8.3.6 (cli) (built: Jul 14 2025 18:30:55)
+```
+
+---
+
+# Running PHP with Nix
+
+```shell
+$ nix run nixpkgs#php \
+  --extra-experimental-features 'nix-command flakes' \
+  -- -v
+
+PHP 8.4.11 (cli) (built: Jul 29 2025 15:30:21)
+```
+
+```shell
+$ nix shell nixpkgs#php \
+  --extra-experimental-features 'nix-command flakes'
+
+$ which php
+/nix/store/s4kv9bzqawhqcyjg9xm2hji3jap6d6kd-php-with-extensions-8.4.11/bin/php
+
+$ php -v
+
+PHP 8.4.11 (cli) (built: Jul 29 2025 15:30:21)
+```
+
+<!--
+Install vs run.
+
+Applications are placed in the Nix store and added to $PATH.
+
+Arbitrary commands and ephemeral shells.
+-->
+
+---
+
+# Using a `shell.nix` file
+
+```nix
+{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:
+
+pkgs.mkShell {
+  packages = with pkgs; [
+    php
+    phpPackages.composer
+    phpactor
+  ];
+}
+```
+
+```shell
+$ nix-shell shell.nix
+
+[nix-shell:~/my-project]$ composer -V
+
+Composer version 2.8.5 2025-01-21 15:23:40
+```
+
+---
+
+# Using a `flake.nix` file
+
+```nix
+{
+  inputs.nixpkgs.url = "github:nixos/nixpkgs/nixos-unstable";
+
+  outputs = inputs:
+    let
+      system = "x86_64-linux";
+      pkgs = import inputs.nixpkgs { inherit system; };
+    in {
+      devShells.${system}.default = (import ./shell.nix {
+        inherit pkgs;
+      });
+    };
+}
+```
+
+<!--
+Can import shell.nix.
+-->
+
+---
+
+# Using a `flake.nix` file
+
+```nix
+{
+  inputs.nixpkgs.url = "github:nixos/nixpkgs/nixos-unstable";
+
+  outputs = inputs:
+    let
+      system = "x86_64-linux";
+      pkgs = import inputs.nixpkgs { inherit system; };
+    in {
+      devShells.${system}.default = pkgs.mkShell {
+        packages = with pkgs; [
+          php
+          phpPackages.composer
+          phpactor
+        ];
+      };
+    };
+}
+```
+
+<!--
+Packages can be inlined.
+-->
+
+---
+
+# Structure of a Flake-based project
+
+```shell
+.
+├── composer.json
+├── composer.lock
+├── flake.lock
+├── flake.nix
+├── output_dev
+├── source
+└── vendor
+```
+
+<br>
+
+As well as **flake.nix**, we also get **flake.lock**.
+
+---
+
+# Pinning packages
+
+```nix
+# flake.nix
+
+inputs = {
+  nixpkgs.url = "github:nixos/nixpkgs/nixos-unstable";
+  nixpkgs-stable.url = "github:nixos/nixpkgs/nixos-24.11";
+  nixpkgs-pinned.url = "github:nixos/nixpkgs/45570c299dc2";
+}
+```
+
+```nix
+{
+  let
+    pkgs-stable = import inputs.nixpkgs-stable { inherit system; };
+  in {
+    packages = [ pkgs-stable.php ];
+  };
+}
+```
+
+<!--
+You can have multiple versions of Nix installed at once.
+
+Pin to a stable version of nixpkgs or a specific commit.
+
+Could even use "master", which is newer than "unstable".
+-->
+
+---
+
+# Managing services
+
+With NixOS:
+
+```nix
+services.mysql.enable = true;
+
+services.mysql.initialDatabases = [
+  { name = "my_project"; }
+  { name = "another_project"; }
+];
+```
+
+<br>
+
+Without NixOS:
+
+<https://github.com/juspay/services-flake>
+
+---
+
+# Managing services
+
+```nix
+{
+  inputs = {
+    flake-parts.url = "github:hercules-ci/flake-parts";
+
+    nixpkgs.url = "github:nixos/nixpkgs/nixpkgs-unstable";
+
+    process-compose.url = "github:Platonic-Systems/process-compose-flake";
+
+    services.url = "github:juspay/services-flake";
+  };
+
+  # ...
+```
+---
+
+# Managing services
+
+```nix
+imports = [
+  inputs.process-compose.flakeModule
+];
+
+perSystem = { config, lib, pkgs, ... }: {
+  process-compose."default" = {
+    imports = [
+      inputs.services.processComposeModules.default
+    ];
+
+    services = { # ... };
+
+    settings.processes = { # ... };
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+# Managing services
+
+```nix
+services = {
+  mysql."mysql1" = {
+    enable = true;
+
+    initialDatabases = [
+      { name = "drupal_nix_flake_example"; }
+    ];
+  };
+};
+```
+
+---
+
+# Managing services
+
+```nix
+settings.processes = {
+  php = {
+    command = pkgs.writeShellApplication {
+      name = "php-local-server";
+
+      text = "${getExe php} -S 127.0.0.1:${toString webPort} -t web";
+    };
+
+    depends_on."mysql1".condition = "process_healthy";
+  };
+};
+```
+
+---
+
+# Managing services
+
+```nix
+  devShells.default = pkgs.mkShell {
+    inputsFrom = [
+      config.process-compose."default".services.outputs.devShell
+    ];
+  
+    nativeBuildInputs = with pkgs; [
+      php
+      phpPackages.composer
+    ];
+  };
+};
+```
+
+<br>
+
+Run `nix run .` and go to http://localhost:8000.
+
+---
+
+![bg fit](./process-compose.png)
+
+<!--
+_footer: ''
+_paginate: false
+-->
+
+---
+
+![bg fit](./drupal-install.png)
+
+<!--
+_footer: ''
+_paginate: false
+-->
+
+---
+
+# Multiple PHPs
+
+- Laravel Herd/Sail
+- Containers
+- `phpenv`, `brew-php-switcher`, `phpbrew`
+- Vagrant
+- VMWare, VirtualBox
+- Different physical machines?
+
+<!--
+Software that allows you to have multiple versions of PHP installed and the ability to switch between them.
+
+Any other ways?
+-->
+
+---
+
+<style scoped>
+section {
+  display: grid;
+  place-content: center;
+}
+
+h1 {
+  font-size: 3rem;
+}
+</style>
+
+# Nix is like `nvm`<br> for everything
+
+---
+
+# My ideal environment
+
+```shell
+$ php -v
+
+The program 'php' is currently not installed.
+
+$ cd ~/my-project
+
+$ php -v
+
+PHP 8.4.10 (cli) (built: Jul  2 2025 02:22:42)
+
+$ cd ~/another-project
+
+$ php -v
+
+PHP 8.3.24 (cli) (built: Jul 29 2025 15:48:33)
+```
+
+---
+
+# Using direnv
+
+https://direnv.net
+
+> It augments existing shells with a new feature that can load and unload environment variables depending on the current directory.
+
+<br>
+
+In NixOS:
+
+```nix
+{
+  programs.direnv.enable = true;
+  programs.direnv.nix-direnv.enable = true;
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+# The .envrc file
+
+If you have a `flake.nix`:
+
+```bash
+use flake
+```
+
+Using a remote Flake:
+
+```bash
+use flake "git+https://code.oliverdavies.uk/opdavies/dev-shells#php84"
+```
+
+```bash
+use flake "github:opdavies/dev-shells#php84"
+```
+
+---
+
+# Packaging for Nix
+
+```nix
+stdenv.mkDerivation (finalAttrs: {
+  pname = "hello";
+  version = "2.12.2";
+
+  src = fetchurl {
+    url = "mirror://gnu/hello/hello-${finalAttrs.version}.tar.gz";
+    hash = "sha256-WpqZbcKSzCTc9BHO6H6S9qrluNE72caBm0x6nc4IGKs=";
+  };
+
+  env = lib.optionalAttrs stdenv.hostPlatform.isDarwin {
+    NIX_LDFLAGS = "-liconv";
+  };
+
+  doCheck = true;
+  doInstallCheck = true;
+
+  # ...
+```
+
+---
+
+# Packaging for Nix
+
+```nix
+pkgs.writeShellApplication {
+  name = "preview";
+
+  runtimeInputs = with pkgs.nodePackages; [
+    browser-sync
+  ];
+
+  text = ''
+    browser-sync start
+      --ignore '**/.*' \
+      --no-notify \
+      --no-ui \
+      -sw
+  '';
+}
+```
+
+<!--
+Explicit dependencies. More shareable and no need to remember what's installed elsewhere.
+-->
+
+---
+
+# Packaging PHP for Nix
+
+```nix
+php.buildComposerProject2 (finalAttrs: {
+  pname = "phpactor";
+  version = "2025.07.25.0";
+
+  src = fetchFromGitHub {
+    owner = "phpactor";
+    repo = "phpactor";
+    tag = finalAttrs.version;
+    hash = "sha256-9XWlWwq+xvqPgKIc7IGoMVTxajjYsrPo/ra/0JIE168=";
+  };
+
+  vendorHash = "sha256-3xkt0QjytW4BOCgZdevat7zkSuZTPPvwz3yptiq5zoo=";
+
+  # ...
+```
+
+---
+
+# Packaging PHP for Nix
+
+```nix
+php.buildComposerProject2 (finalAttrs: {
+  pname = "pest";
+  version = "3.7.4";
+
+  src = fetchFromGitHub {
+    owner = "pestphp";
+    repo = "pest";
+    tag = "v${finalAttrs.version}";
+    hash = "sha256-ddsdVx/Vsg7GG11fGASouBU3HAJLSjs1AQGHx52TWzA=";
+  };
+
+  composerLock = ./composer.lock;
+  vendorHash = "sha256-rOJ6PFp4Xfe89usoH455EAT30d2Tu3zd3+C/6K/kGBw=";
+
+  # ...
+```
+
+---
+
+# Packaging Sculpin
+
+Packaging Sculpin was essentially the same:
+
+https://code.oliverdavies.uk/opdavies/lab/src/branch/main/nix/sculpin
+
+```shell
+nix build
+
+./result/bin/sculpin generate
+```
+
+```shell
+.
+├── flake.lock
+├── flake.nix
+├── output_dev
+│   └── index.html
+└── source
+    └── index.md
+```
+
+<!--
+---
+
+# Building Nix packages
+
+```shell
+$ nix repl
+Nix 2.28.4
+Type :? for help.
+
+nix-repl> :l .
+Added 24244 variables.
+
+nix-repl> :b phpactor
+
+This derivation produced the following outputs:
+  out -> /nix/store/nhq4js2lsj8lb1cz6dj4vrf6xb2r2zbd-phpactor-2025.03.28.0
+```
+
+```shell
+/nix/store/nhq4js2lsj8lb1cz6dj4vrf6xb2r2zbd-phpactor-2025.03.28.0/bin/phpactor
+
+Phpactor 2025.03.28.0
+```
+-->
+
+---
+
+# Thanks!
+
+- https://nixos.org
+- https://github.com/nixos/nixpkgs
+- https://wiki.nixos.org/wiki/PHP
+- https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/stable/#ssec-building-php-projects
+- https://code.oliverdavies.uk/opdavies/lab
+- https://code.oliverdavies.uk/opdavies/drupal-nix-flake-example
+- https://code.oliverdavies.uk/opdavies/nix-config (laptop and home server)
+- https://books.oliverdavies.uk/nix-for-php-developers (book, in progress)