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+---
+title: >
+  TDD: structure a new test by writing comments first
+pubDate: 2023-04-26
+permalink: >
+  archive/2023/04/26/tdd-structure-a-new-test-by-writing-comments-first
+tags:
+  - automated-testing
+  - test-driven-development
+---
+
+Test cases are usually split into two or three sections - "Arrange, Act, Assert" or "Given, When, Then".
+
+If the test has a prerequisite, such as some users or content to be created or in a given state, you create the required environment for the test. With unit tests, this would include mocking any dependencies you need to use.
+
+Then you perform an action on the subject under test and, finally, assert that the system is in the desired state.
+
+Maybe a user was pending initially, and they're active after running a command or a cron task. You can assert the initial state of the user as well as the final state to ensure the action did what it was supposed to do.
+
+## Option 1
+
+To help me get started, I'll sometimes write a test like this with placeholders to separate the test into its separate stages:
+
+```php
+/** @test */
+function should_activate_a_pending_user(): void {
+  // Arrange.
+
+  // Act.
+
+  // Assert.
+}
+```
+
+This makes me think about the different stages and what each might need to contain.
+
+## Option 2
+
+Or I might write it out in the "Given, When, Then" format:
+
+```php
+/** @test */
+function should_activate_a_pending_user(): void {
+  // Given I have a user.
+  // And the user is pending.
+
+  // When I run the user update command.
+
+  // Then the user should no longer be 'pending'.
+  // And the user status should be 'active'.
+}
+```
+
+This takes a little longer to write but feels more familiar if you're used to a behavioural testing framework like Behat.
+
+Either way, sometimes, I'll remove the comments once I've written the code around them or leave them to provide additional context.