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<h1>Creating and using custom tokens in Drupal 7</h1>
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<p class="posted text-light">16th February 2013</p>
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<p>This post outlines the steps required to create your own custom tokens in Drupal.</p>
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<p>When writing the recent releases of the <a href="http://drupal.org/project/copyright_block">Copyright Block</a> module, I used tokens to allow the user to edit and customise their copyright message and place the copyright_message:dates token in the desired position. When the block is rendered, the token is replaced by the necessary dates.</p>
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<p>We will be using the fictional <em>foo</em> module to demonstrate this.</p>
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<h2 id="requirements">Requirements</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="http://drupal.org/project/token">Token module</a></li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="recommended">Recommended</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="http://drupal.org/project/devel">Devel module</a> - useful to run <code>dpm()</code> and <code>kpr()</code> functions</li>
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<li><a href="http://drupal.org/project/copyright_block">Copyright Block module</a> - 7.x-2.x and 6.x-1.x use tokens, handy as a reference</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="implementing-hook_token_info">Implementing hook_token_info()</h2>
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<p>The first thing that we need to do is define the new token type and/or the token itself, along with it's descriptive text. To view the existing tokens and types, use <code>dpm(token_get_info());</code>, assuming that you have the <a href="http://drupal.org/project/devel">Devel module</a> installed.</p>
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<pre><code class="language-php">/**
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* Implements hook_token_info().
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*/
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function foo_token_info() {
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$info = array();
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// Add any new tokens.
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$info['tokens']['foo']['bar'] = t('This is my new bar token within the foo type.');
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// Return them.
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return $info;
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>In this case, the token called <em>bar</em> resides within the <em>foo</em> group.</p>
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<p>If I needed to add a new token within an existing token type, such as 'node', the syntax would be <code>$info['tokens']['node']['bar']</code>.</p>
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<h2 id="implementing-hook_tokens">Implementing hook_tokens()</h2>
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<p>Now that the Token module is aware of our new token, we now need to determine what the token is replaced with. This is done using <code>hook_tokens()</code>. Here is the basic code needed for an implementation:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-php">/**
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* Implements hook_tokens().
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*/
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function foo_tokens($type, $tokens, array $data = array(), array $options = array()) {
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$replacements = array();
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// Code goes here...
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// Return the replacements.
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return $replacements;
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>The first thing to check for is the type of token using an <code>if()</code> function, as this could be an existing type like 'node', 'user' or 'site', or a custom token type like 'foo'. Once we're sure that we're looking at the right type(s), we can use <code>foreach ($tokens as $name => $original)</code> to loop through each of the available tokens using a <code>switch()</code>. For each token, you can perform some logic to work out the replacement text and then add it into the replacements array using <code>$replacements[$original] = $new;</code>.</p>
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<pre><code class="language-php">/**
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* Implements hook_tokens().
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*/
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function foo_tokens($type, $tokens, array $data = array(), array $options = array()) {
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$replacements = array();
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// The first thing that we're going to check for is the type of token - node,
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// user etc...
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if ($type == 'foo') {
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// Loop through each of the available tokens.
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foreach ($tokens as $name => $original) {
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// Find the desired token by name
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switch ($name) {
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case 'bar':
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$new = '';
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// Work out the value of $new...
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// Add the new value into the replacements array.
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$replacements[$original] = $new;
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break;
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}
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}
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}
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// Return the replacements.
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return $replacements;
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}
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="example">Example</h2>
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<p>An example from Copyright Block module:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-php">/**
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* Implements hook_tokens().
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*/
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function copyright_block_tokens($type, $tokens, array $data = array(), array $options = array()) {
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$replacements = array();
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if ($type == 'copyright_statement') {
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foreach ($tokens as $name => $original) {
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switch ($name) {
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case 'dates':
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$start_year = variable_get('copyright_block_start_year', date('Y'));
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$current_year = date('Y');
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$replacements[$original] = $start_year < $current_year ? $start_year . '-' . $current_year : $start_year;
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break;
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}
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}
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}
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return $replacements;
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}
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="using-token_replace">Using token_replace()</h2>
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<p>With everything defined, all that we now need to do is pass some text through the <code>token_replace()</code> function to replace it with the values defined within <code>hook_token()</code>.</p>
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<pre><code class="language-php">$a = t('Something');
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// This would use any token type - node, user etc.
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$b = token_replace($a);
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// This would only use foo tokens.
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$c = token_replace($a, array('foo'));
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</code></pre>
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Tags:
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<a href="https://www.oliverdavies.uk/blog/tags/drupal">drupal</a>, <a href="https://www.oliverdavies.uk/blog/tags/drupal-planet">drupal-planet</a>, <a href="https://www.oliverdavies.uk/blog/tags/drupal-7">drupal-7</a>, <a href="https://www.oliverdavies.uk/blog/tags/tokens">tokens</a> </p>
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<p>Oliver Davies is a Web Developer, System Administrator and Drupal specialist based in the UK. He is a Senior Developer at <a href="https://microserve.io">Microserve</a> and also provides freelance consultancy services for Drupal websites, PHP applications and Linux servers.</p>
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